SHOW UNDERSTANDING THAT SOUND (MUSIC), PICTURES, VIDEO, TEXT AND NUMBERS ARE STORED
IN DIFFERENT FORMATS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA ARE STORED IN DIFFERENT FORMATS.
MIDI - IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STORAGE OF MUSIC FILES. MIDI FILES ARE NOT MUSIC AND DON’T CONTAIN ANY SOUNDS, IT IS BASICALLY A COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL THAT ALLOWS ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS TO INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER. THE MIDI PROTOCOL USES 8-BIT SERIAL TRANSMISSION WITH ONE START BIT AND ONE STOP BIT, AND IS THEREFORE ASYNCHRONOUS
MP3 - IT USES TECHNOLOGY KNOWN AS AUDIO COMPRESSION TO CONVERT SOUNDS AND MUSIC INTO A MP3 FORMAT. THIS COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY WILL REDUCE THE SIZE OF A NORMAL MUSIC FILE BY ABOUT 90%.
IT IS COMPRESSED BY USING FILE COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS WHICH USE PERCEPTUAL MUSIC SHAPING, THIS ESSENTIALLY REMOVES SOUNDS THAT THE HUMAN EAR CAN’T HEAR PROPERLY
MP4 - MP4’S FILES ARE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME AS MP3, EXCEPT THAT THIS FORMAT ALLOWS STORAGE OF MULTIMEDIA FILES LIKE MUSIC, VIDEOS, PHOTOS
JPEG - WHEN A PHOTO UNDERGOES FILE COMPRESSION, THE SIZE OF THE FILE IS REDUCED. ONE OF THE FILE FORMATS USED TO REDUCE PHOTOGRAPHIC FILE SIZES IS KNOWN AS JPEG
TEXT & NUMBER FORMAT - TEXT AND NUMBERS CAN BE STORED IN A FEW DIFFERENT FORMATS. TEXT IS USUALLY STORED IN AN ASCII FORMAT
IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE METHODS OF ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION, SUCH AS PARITY CHECKS, CHECK DIGITS, CHECKSUMS AND AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUESTS (ARQ)
PARITY - THERES ODD PARITY AND EVEN PARITY. IT IS BASICALLY THE NUMBER OF 1’S IN A BYTE, WHETHER IT’S ODD NUMBER OF 1’S OR EVEN NUMBER OF 1’S. IF ITS ODD PARITY AND EVEN NUMBER OF 1’S, THERE WILL BE AN ERROR.
AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUESTS (ARQ) - IT SENDS AN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO SHOW THAT THE DATA IS CORRECTLY TRANSMITTED.
CHECKSUM - DATA IS SENT IN BLOCKS AND AN ADDITIONAL VALUE, THE CHECKSUM (CHECK-DIGIT) IS SENT AT THE END OF THE BLOCK OF DATA. THIS IS CHECKED AND IF THERE’S A PROBLEM, AN ERROR HAS OCCURRED.
ECHO-CHECK - THE DATA SENT IS SENT BACK, AND COMPARED, IF SOMETHING IS WRONG, THERE IS AN ERROR.
SHOW UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENT DIGITAL INTERFACE (MIDI) FILES, JPEG FILES, MP3 AND MP4 FILES
MIDI FILES ARE DATA FILES WHICH STORE THE ‘ANALOGUE’ DATA, SUCH AS THE PITCH, NOTATION, VELOCITY, VOLUME ETC. THIS CAN BE USED ON OTHER DEVICES, AND THE DEVICE CAN PLAY SOUNDS AS IF ORIGINAL. THE DATA CAN BE RECORDED IN A SEQUENCER, WHICH CAN EDIT AND PLAY THE DATA LATER. MIDI IS COMPACT AND CAN BE EASILY MODIFIED AND CHOICE OF INSTRUMENTS CAN ALSO BE CHOSEN.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DATA ARE STORED IN DIFFERENT FORMATS.
MIDI - IT IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE STORAGE OF MUSIC FILES. MIDI FILES ARE NOT MUSIC AND DON’T CONTAIN ANY SOUNDS, IT IS BASICALLY A COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL THAT ALLOWS ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS TO INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER. THE MIDI PROTOCOL USES 8-BIT SERIAL TRANSMISSION WITH ONE START BIT AND ONE STOP BIT, AND IS THEREFORE ASYNCHRONOUS
MP3 - IT USES TECHNOLOGY KNOWN AS AUDIO COMPRESSION TO CONVERT SOUNDS AND MUSIC INTO A MP3 FORMAT. THIS COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY WILL REDUCE THE SIZE OF A NORMAL MUSIC FILE BY ABOUT 90%.
IT IS COMPRESSED BY USING FILE COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS WHICH USE PERCEPTUAL MUSIC SHAPING, THIS ESSENTIALLY REMOVES SOUNDS THAT THE HUMAN EAR CAN’T HEAR PROPERLY
MP4 - MP4’S FILES ARE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME AS MP3, EXCEPT THAT THIS FORMAT ALLOWS STORAGE OF MULTIMEDIA FILES LIKE MUSIC, VIDEOS, PHOTOS
JPEG - WHEN A PHOTO UNDERGOES FILE COMPRESSION, THE SIZE OF THE FILE IS REDUCED. ONE OF THE FILE FORMATS USED TO REDUCE PHOTOGRAPHIC FILE SIZES IS KNOWN AS JPEG
TEXT & NUMBER FORMAT - TEXT AND NUMBERS CAN BE STORED IN A FEW DIFFERENT FORMATS. TEXT IS USUALLY STORED IN AN ASCII FORMAT
IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE METHODS OF ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION, SUCH AS PARITY CHECKS, CHECK DIGITS, CHECKSUMS AND AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUESTS (ARQ)
PARITY - THERES ODD PARITY AND EVEN PARITY. IT IS BASICALLY THE NUMBER OF 1’S IN A BYTE, WHETHER IT’S ODD NUMBER OF 1’S OR EVEN NUMBER OF 1’S. IF ITS ODD PARITY AND EVEN NUMBER OF 1’S, THERE WILL BE AN ERROR.
AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUESTS (ARQ) - IT SENDS AN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO SHOW THAT THE DATA IS CORRECTLY TRANSMITTED.
CHECKSUM - DATA IS SENT IN BLOCKS AND AN ADDITIONAL VALUE, THE CHECKSUM (CHECK-DIGIT) IS SENT AT THE END OF THE BLOCK OF DATA. THIS IS CHECKED AND IF THERE’S A PROBLEM, AN ERROR HAS OCCURRED.
ECHO-CHECK - THE DATA SENT IS SENT BACK, AND COMPARED, IF SOMETHING IS WRONG, THERE IS AN ERROR.
SHOW UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENT DIGITAL INTERFACE (MIDI) FILES, JPEG FILES, MP3 AND MP4 FILES
MIDI FILES ARE DATA FILES WHICH STORE THE ‘ANALOGUE’ DATA, SUCH AS THE PITCH, NOTATION, VELOCITY, VOLUME ETC. THIS CAN BE USED ON OTHER DEVICES, AND THE DEVICE CAN PLAY SOUNDS AS IF ORIGINAL. THE DATA CAN BE RECORDED IN A SEQUENCER, WHICH CAN EDIT AND PLAY THE DATA LATER. MIDI IS COMPACT AND CAN BE EASILY MODIFIED AND CHOICE OF INSTRUMENTS CAN ALSO BE CHOSEN.
JAVIER CHIA
JPEG IS A LOSSY COMPRESSION FOR IMAGES, IT TRADES QUALITY FOR SMALL FILE SIZE, IT CAN BE ADJUSTED TO FIT YOUR PHOTO
QUALITY NEEDS. IT ACHIEVES A 10:1 COMPRESSION WITH LITTLE VISIBLE QUALITY DEPLETION. THIS FORMAT IS SUPPORTED BY A LOT
OF CAMERAS AND COMPUTERS. JPED STANDS FOR JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERTS GROUP.
MP3 IS A LOSSY COMPRESSION FOR AUDIO, IT REMOVES SOUNDS WHICH THE HUMAN EAR CANNOT HEAR, WHICH LOWERS THE FILE SIZE OF THE AUDIO.
MP4 IS A VIDEO FORMAT, WHICH STORES AUDIO AND VIDEO, BUT IT CAN ALSO STORE THINGS LIKE SUBTITLES. IT WORKS SIMILAR TO MP3, EXCEPT THAT IT STORES GREATER VOLUME OF THINGS.
SHOW UNDERSTANDING OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DATA COMPRESSION (LOSSLESS AND LOSSY COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS) APPLIED TO MUSIC/VIDEO, PHOTOS AND TEXT FILES
LOSSY - THE FILE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM ELIMINATED UNNECESSARY BITS OF DATA AND CANNOT RETURN TO IT’S ORIGINAL STATE WHEN UNCOMPRESSED.
LOSSLESS - ALL THE DATA BITS FROM THE ORIGINAL FILE ARE RECONSTRUCTED WHEN THE FILE IS AGAIN UNCOMPRESSED. THIS IS IMPORTANT FOR FILES WHERE LOSS OF ANY DATA WILL BE DISASTROUS, E.G. A SPREADSHEET FILE.
MP3 IS A LOSSY COMPRESSION FOR AUDIO, IT REMOVES SOUNDS WHICH THE HUMAN EAR CANNOT HEAR, WHICH LOWERS THE FILE SIZE OF THE AUDIO.
MP4 IS A VIDEO FORMAT, WHICH STORES AUDIO AND VIDEO, BUT IT CAN ALSO STORE THINGS LIKE SUBTITLES. IT WORKS SIMILAR TO MP3, EXCEPT THAT IT STORES GREATER VOLUME OF THINGS.
SHOW UNDERSTANDING OF THE PRINCIPLES OF DATA COMPRESSION (LOSSLESS AND LOSSY COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS) APPLIED TO MUSIC/VIDEO, PHOTOS AND TEXT FILES
LOSSY - THE FILE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM ELIMINATED UNNECESSARY BITS OF DATA AND CANNOT RETURN TO IT’S ORIGINAL STATE WHEN UNCOMPRESSED.
LOSSLESS - ALL THE DATA BITS FROM THE ORIGINAL FILE ARE RECONSTRUCTED WHEN THE FILE IS AGAIN UNCOMPRESSED. THIS IS IMPORTANT FOR FILES WHERE LOSS OF ANY DATA WILL BE DISASTROUS, E.G. A SPREADSHEET FILE.
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